Human rights advocates, he continued, want ultimately to form a force for political confrontation.. He received a bachelors degree in economics (197882) and a masters degree in management (198386), both from the Department of Industrial Economics at Renmin University in Beijing. For more information about Li Keqiangs family background and his early experiences, see Hong Qing , He will be Chinas Top Manager: The Biography of Li Keqiang [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010). Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao- like figure . These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Second, her low-profile personality and her demonstrated tenacity and political acumen, most notable in removing Bo Xilais protgs in Dalian even before Bos downfall, are indicative of her potential for leadership and political nerve. To Xi or not to Xi? Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. For the Chinese Communist Party, these founding principles of our European model belong to the "seven subversive currents" and the "Western evils" that need to be suppressed in China. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. 9 was issued by the Central Committee General Office, the administrative engine room of the central leadership, and required the approval of Mr. Xi and other top leaders, said Li Weidong, a political commentator and former magazine editor in Beijing. Anyone can read what you share. They have been disillusioned by Xi's leadership ever since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of "seven subversive currents," including constitutional democracy . After graduating from Peking University, Hu went to Tibet, where he worked as a clerk at the Organization Department in the CCP Committee of Tibet (198384), as an official at the newspaper Tibet Youth Daily (198485), and as an official at the Tibet Hotel (198587). Mr. Bo goes on trial on Thursday. 9, issued in 2013 soon after Xi Jinping became party chief, warned that unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents such as support for Western . See Xu Yanyan , Han Zheng recalls Zhu Rongjis visit to factory [], Yicai Web [], August 14, 2013. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. Liu He is widely considered to be an adviser rather than a policymaker. She was head of the Womens Association of Anshan City (198891), deputy head of the Workers Union of Liaoning Province (199193), head of the Womens Association of Liaoning (199394), head of the Workers Union of Liaoning (199497), and deputy party secretary of Liaoning (19972005). In other words, the party boss selects a team of rivals () in order to consolidate power.3. By Herb Kirchhoff. -1. Wang was transferred to Guangdong Province in 1997 to serve as vice governor. Nudity and erotica have existed in art since prehistoric times. He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. Otherwise, based on his continued consolidation of power and ambitions for the countryand, indeed, himselfXis new era may resurrect an old problem. Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Han attended a two-year college program at Fudan University in Shanghai (198385), completed his undergraduate degree (via part-time studies) in politics at East China Normal University in Shanghai (198587), and graduated with a masters in international political economy from East China Normal University (199496). Just what is the bottom line for reform? Mr. Hu said on a Web site run by his family to commemorate his father, Hu Yaobang, a leader of political and economic relaxation in the 1980s. The scale of those celebrations has not been announced. At the peak of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) crisis, Wang was appointed mayor of Beijing (200407). Hu Chunhua was born in April 1963 in Wufeng County, Hubei Province. Chinas state leaders were revealed on March 18, 2018 at the conclusion of the 13th National Peoples Congress (NPC). Also see Wu Ming, Chinas new leader: Biography of Xi Jinping [], enlarged new edition (Hong Kong: , 2010), p. 572. Current below the surface. Liu He is one of Xi Jinpings most trusted confidants3. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). Liu He has contributed significantly to the new economic paradigms and concepts outlined in Xi Jinpings first term, such as the economic new normal and supply-side reform. His economic outlook is remarkably liberal. Some of this cognitive dissonance may be temporary compromises as Xi positions himself to gain broad support from various forces in the country. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. United States, Russian subversive tools appear to be limited to information, cyber, and political ones. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. He also served as a soldier in the 38th Group Army of the PLA (197073). An internal notice published in 2013 by the party's central committee- the famous "Document 9" included "the Western idea of journalism" among the "seven subversive currents" along with the promotion of constitutional democracy, the universal value of human rights, participation in social life, neo-liberalism, historical nihilism, and the . If Xi pays heed to the warranted criticism, he may moderate his aims, uphold other institutional norms, and maybe even reconsider the wisdom of embarking on a third term. Their work contains content that has appeared in art . The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. Chinese society has changed profoundly since the Mao era. Li joined the CCP in 1976. The campaign has also exhilarated leftist defenders of party orthodoxy, many of whom pointedly oppose the sort of market reforms that Mr. Xi and Prime Minister Li Keqiang have said are needed. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 281. Hu was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. Given his age, Liu will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. Mr. Xis hard line has disappointed Chinese liberals, some of whom once hailed his rise to power as an opportunity to push for political change after a long period of stagnation. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. A how-to guide for managing the end of the post-Cold War era. Lis mother-in-law, Liu Yiqing, was a journalist at the Xinhua News Agency. HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). Instead, Mr. Xi has signaled a shift to a more conservative, traditional leftist stance with his rectification campaign to ensure discipline and conspicuous attempts to defend the legacy of Mao Zedong. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. The ramifications are very serious, because this seriously hurts the broad middle class and moderate reformers entrepreneurs and intellectuals. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of Chinas Youth Federation (19972001). He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 1. The heat transfer function of convection currents drives the earth's ocean currents, atmospheric weather and geology. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. He was later appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (199295) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (199597). She later studied economic management in the Department of Economics at Liaoning University in Shenyang, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198184); participated in a program in economic management at the Liaoning Party School in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198991); and attended a one-year training program at the Central Party School in Beijing (199293). 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. However, several Chinese sources reveal that Wang and Xi became close friends over forty years ago, when both were sent-down youths in two neighboring counties in Yanan.3, Wang Qishan is viewed by the Chinese public as capable in crisis situations. Liu was a founder and convener of the Chinese Economists 50 Forum1. After that, Hu served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province (200809). For more information, see. Xi Jinpings close relationship with Wang Qishan has arguably been the most important factor facilitating the consolidation of Xis power and the implementation of his new policy initiatives since Xi took the top leadership post in 2012. One could reasonably make the point that Xi has prevented Hu Chunhua from rising to the pinnacle of power. His efforts have also included concerted attempts to seek a new model of great power relations with the United States. Hu Deping, a reform-minded former government official who has met Mr. Xi, recently issued a public warning about the leftward drift. Officials have intensified efforts to block access to critical views on the Internet. He became a member of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee while continuing to work as deputy secretary-general (199798). Seven months later, he was transferred to Beijing to serve as a Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and executive secretary of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee (200712). His father, Li Fengsan, was a county-level cadre in Fengyang County, Anhui3. However, Wang has ostensibly also made many political enemies. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). Wang was a staff member at the Shaanxi Museum (197173 and 197379) before he joined the CCP in 1983. She was a visiting scholar at Brown University in the mid-1990s. As an accomplished financial expert as well as an effective communicator in both Chinese and English, Liu He has proven to be a great asset to Xi. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). Their only daughter, Xi Mingze, received her undergraduate degree in psychology from Harvard University (201014) and later pursued a graduate program in the same field at a university in Beijing. Deep-ocean currents transport a volume of water equal to that of 100 Amazon-size rivers. He served as deputy secretary (198792) and secretary (199295) of the CCYL in Tibet. Wangs patron/mentor ties with Jiang Zemin stem in part from Wangs father-in-law, Yao Yilin, who was a major supporter of Jiang in the Politburo Standing Committee, and in part from Wangs close friendship with Jiangs son, Jiang Mianheng. For example, Chinese intellectuals have expressed criticism and concern that Wang was overly reliant on political campaigns and underutilized legal procedures in addressing official corruption and in so doing created unfairness and fear in the political establishment. Which shows your current branch. They have been disillusioned by Xis leadership since 2013, when authorities began cracking down on open discussion of seven subversive currents, including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Li advanced his early career primarily through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL), serving as secretary of the CCYL Committee at Peking University (198283). 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, Chinas new top leader. Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. In the fall of 2013, Xi introduced Liu He to the U.S. national security advisor at the time, Tom Donilon, who was visiting Beijing. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). He served as party secretary of a production brigade in the county (197678). Internal warnings show that President Xi Jinping fears that the Communist Party is vulnerable to public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursi. Cut off or cover the logos on your bag, shoes, clothes, repurpose a product and name it after yourself. Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . Liu Hes father, Liu Zhiyan, was a veteran Communist leader who joined the CCP in 1936 and participated in the student-led December 9th Movement in Beijing. Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). You have to commemorate him, and because hes already passed away, you can only speak well of him, not ill, Professor Xiao, the historian, said of Maos anniversary. Some analysts have viewed Hus Politburo membership as a reflection of Deng Xiaopings political design for a grandpa-designated successor (). Not much information is available regarding Hu Chunhuas family. Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. Constitutionalism belongs only to capitalism, said one commentary in the overseas edition of the Peoples Daily. Learn more. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. However, Lius career path, especially over the past two decades, has closely mirrored that of former vice-premier and Politburo member Zeng Peiyan6. Lis father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). Such an atmosphere of distrust can only catalyze further administration aggressions toward China. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. She served as secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) of the Light Industry Bureau of Anshan City (197477), and served as a manager and party official of the Anshan Textile Factory (197788). Now the leftists feel very excited and elated, while the liberals feel very discouraged and discontented, said Professor Xiao, who said he was generally sympathetic to Mr. Xis aims. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). See more. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. T his month on the Criterion Channel, dive into the career of Oscar nominee Michelle Yeoh (Everything Everywhere All at Once), whose martial-arts prowess and megawatt charisma made her one of Hong Kong's greatest action heroes.From there, head back to the anything-goes exuberance of early Hollywood with our Buster Keaton retrospective and a lineup of pre-Code Paramount classics, or spend . Mandy Zuo, Partys number two woman Sun Chunlan named chief of Tianjin, South China Morning Post, November 22, 2012, (, Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction (2018present), Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (2007present). Since the circular was issued, party-run publications and Web sites have vehemently denounced constitutionalism and civil society, notions that were not considered off limits in recent years. Zhang Ping, The sixth generation of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party was born out of speculations, Deutsche Welle, November 21, 2012. New Routes ~ Asia-to-Europe Translogistics. Han appears to have earned Xis support, obtaining a Politburo seat after Xi became general secretary of the CCP in 2012. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. No further information is available on Suns family. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). Xi, who is on the cusp of his second presidential term, has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. For more discussion about Hu Chunhuas patron-client ties with Hu Jintao, see Ren Huayi, The Sixth Generation: The CCPs Last Generation of Successors [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010), and Ke Wei, The Rising Stars of the CCPs Sixth Generation [] (Hong Kong: New Culture Press, 2010). Subsequently, Wang served as general manager of the Agriculture Credit and Investment Company (198889), vice governor of China Construction Bank (198993), vice governor of the Peoples Bank of China (199394), and governor of China Construction Bank (199497). Some unofficial biographers say he was born in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, and that Tianzhen was his ancestral home. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. Sun also completed a masters program in management at Liaoning University in Shenyang (via part-time studies, 199295) and a masters program in politics at the Central Party School (via part-time studies, 200003). A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. These include township-centered urbanization (), affordable housing, employment, food security, public health care, clean energy technology, and the reduction of bureaucratic barriers for private sector development. After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 16th Party Congress in 2002. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Liu joined the CCP in December 1976. To better deter Russian subversion, we suggest concentrating defensive efforts on the most vulnerable regions and institutions and ensuring Staff members at the Southern Weekend newspaper there protested after a propaganda official rewrote an editorial celebrating constitutionalism the idea that state and party power should be subject to a supreme law that prevents abuses and protects citizens rights. Yicai Web [ ], August 14, 2013, he continued, want ultimately to form a for! Appears to have earned Xis support, obtaining a Politburo seat after Xi became general secretary of Province... Have earned Xis support, obtaining a Politburo seat after Xi became general of. Jinrui, served as governor and deputy party secretary of Hebei Province ( 200809 ) staff member at Xinhua! 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