A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party." The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. However, the judgment to impeachhanded down one day after his resignation-was upheld, preventing him from holding public office in Texas. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. Please subscribe to keep reading. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Sam Houston Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his attention to banking. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Pat Neff. When he was four years old, his father died. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. Similarly, the Texas Constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor and statewide elected officials. He loaned himself so much money that he practically bankrupted his own bank. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. Cities | The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. As a political speaker he had few equals. We help women historians thrive through events, resources, and community. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. by Nicole Shealy ex-governor banned from holding state office. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. July 2, 20146 AM Central. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Apply today! Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. The vote was 25-3. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. Encyclopedia.com. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. James Ferguson. He maintained his. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). Counties | The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. ." 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. All Rights Reserved.Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | site credit, on Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson, Leaders of Their Race: Educating Black and White Women in the New South. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. No. Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Impeached. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Ma placed a distant fifth. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. He was barred, but managed to have his wife ("Ma Ferguson") elected governor; she was elected for a second term in 1932. 23 Feb. 2023 . Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. Only 17 federal officers have been impeached since 1776. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. There are 150 members of the Texas State House. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. It proved his undoing. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. Thats how she likes it. He was by this time an old man. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Heres where Ferguson made his first greatest legal blunder. November 2013 testimony prompted committee-member Trey Fischer to request the inquiry. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. He was re-elected in 1916. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. He was re-elected in 1916. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. Dictionary of American History. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Its president is in the crosshairs. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. He was an avowed enemy of the KKK, but to hear him talk about black people, youd have thought he had earned his hood. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? Public policy. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. School districts | Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Gov. Sign up now to get our FREE breaking news coverage delivered right to your inbox. 4. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). "[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. 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Needs a majority vote on the different charges involved, his father died unable to discrepancies!