Any behavior (good or bad) can become attention-getting behavior if the dog learns that they get attention for engaging in it. So what can your dog do if feels you are ignoring him? Capsaicin pepper, ammonia, vinegar, moth balls, and alcohol will also keep dogs away. I hear ya i feel like getting rid of mines too tired of my yard looking a hot mess, Why did u get a dog if you dont want to what it takes to train him you not only wasted your time but you wasted the dogs also. Our backyard looks awful. Coffee is another smell that dogs aren't fond of and coffee grounds are great for your garden soil as well. Essentially they are a toddler in fur for a very long time and you either have to dog proof your yard or keep an eye on them while in the yard. Teach your dog new tricks or commands. For this brief moment, your dog feels like he is receiving attention. I have children, I have grandchildren and we have had many pets! 6 Ways to Keep Your Dog in a Yard Without a Fence Invisible Fence. Animals and children ARE NOT THE SAME!!!! Place chain link fencing on the ground (anchored to the bottom of the fence) to make it uncomfortable for your dog to walk near the fence. It has sharp pieces, especially if it rusts. Can you imagine being locked in a yard all day with nothing to do? The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Simply spread the coffee grounds throughout the area you don't want your dog to disturb and you're good to go! Keep your dog inside when you know there are going to be loud noises. If this is a one-off occasion, your dog may be digging because there was food spilled there, such as sauce from a hotdog, or spilled soda, which can give the soil a yummy taste well, to a dog. A whelping box is an enclosure that your mama dog can easily walk in and out of, but newborn puppies will be unable to escape. This frantic pawing wears down the grass and creates shallow holes in the lawn. Im glad to hear you found the article helpful. Lets Explore, Why does my dog move her food bowl around? WHAT? Coffee Grounds To stop dog from digging in mulch, you can use used coffee grounds as they have a strong, bitter scent that dogs commonly dislike. For fencing off the lawn, you can attach patio fencing to posts with zip ties, sectioning off the yard. Chili and Black Pepper Death Wish has a subscription option (1), for example, that can conserve you beaucoup dollars and keep the good times rolling. Popular interactive toys include treat-dispensing balls, tether-tugs, and automatic ball throwers. re-home a pet sometimes, if its too much and causing stress, then its best for both! This is how to stop a dog from digging pepper. Summer is great and all, but can we talk about that heat? If you know why he is digging, you may be able to prevent the behavior even without the use of sprays. Additionally the strong smell and taste will deter rabbits and deer, if they have also become a problem. Other temporary solutions include calming sprays, leaving unwashed clothing at home that smells like you and pressure wraps. Not to mention all the worms and bugs that come to the surface digging after these critters is great fun! Once your dog takes a sniff, he will avoid the area completely. If the ground in your yard is too hard or hurts your dogs paw pads, he will avoid digging it up. The coffee grounds phobia seems on par with the lamb, and many people report their dogs and cats have an aversion to the odor. There is also a range of cooling products available such as cooling collars and vests. As with almost everything, it really depends on your dog. Dogs love to dig in the sand because its soft and easy to move around. I can stop his digging that same place with his poop. Do coffee grounds stop dogs digging? YES, I felt we should return her and we should have! There isnt any soft soil to dig up here. (Surprising answer), Why Does My Dog Bring Me Socks 10 Common Reasons, How To Train My Dog To Ignore Strangers? As you can see, researching dog-safe prickly plants is essential. Punish your dog after the fact. A sprinkle of this red powder is the very thing you need to stop your dog digging. EX: We adopted a shelter dog years ago, and we went there and met her and everything seemed fine, once we got her home, we let her out and she wouldnt come back in the house, she growled at my husband and would tear through the house varrelimgbthrougj anyone amd anything! Thats why I prefer to use plastic poultry fencing. Im sure there are plenty of other ground covers you could use too get creative! If you get a dog you must have the time to commit to them. I put a dab on each the pegs to hold down the chicken wire, the dog was pulling the pegs out one by one and then removing the chicken wire pretty clever but naughty!! Ugh now the whole house stinks of citronella because of my goof balls. Unfortunately, the reality is that many people want a more instant/low effort solution. Place big rocks, partially buried, along the bottom of the fence. Dont forget to pick up all the rubber balloon pieces once you are done you dont want your dog swallowing them! How about you work with the dog and solve the problem. When dogs were in the wild, this natural instinct would keep the puppies safe from predators. READ SOMETHING ELSE Contentsshow 1What scent will keep dogs from digging? Shallow cover can easily be moved around and expose the tempting soil that hides below. Your dog thinks the same. They are pets not lawn ornaments, bring them inside. Thats why its on you to create a safe and cozy spot for your pup to give birth. Or how about give them a cool place to lay. Try to keep interesting toys in the yard to keep your dog buddy when youre not around. It turns out it was old cat food that had soaked into the soil her cat had knocked over his bowl a week earlier. Baths, sprinklers, rain, puddles on the ground if it gets her wet, she will go out of her way to avoid it. It may take a few tries before your dog understands that when he hears this loud bang when he starts digging. Is digging up your lawn worth getting wet? Once he has finished, praise your pup for any good behavior that doesnt involve digging, such as walking around the yard or playing with his toys. It could be bad for your dog, if he ate a lot of it. One reason, I do fence off the garden and compost is to keep the dog out. And is the very reason why your dog is digging up your yard. Right? Or . Fortunately, there are many safe alternatives for discouraging your pup from digging such as citrus fruits, vinegar, rocks and chicken wire. You might also want to consult a behavior professional for more help. The strong scent of the vinegar will make them unlikely to return to this spot again. Dogs do not like the smell of vinegar, so it may stop your dog from digging. I know we all get busy from time to time, but there isnt an excuse not to exercise your dog especially when it can help stop your dog digging up your yard! @2023 Dogaspet - All rights reserved - contact@dogaspet.com. Cooling pads are another solution, but these are less suited to outdoor use. Coffee phobia is a common phenomenon in dogs, so is an effective way of deterring your favorite digger from excavating the garden. The trick here is that you want the ground cover to be thick enough to deter your dog. Theyre left alone in the yard for long periods of time without the company of their human family. However, these scents are much less aggressive than red cayenne. Below are a few of the best smells you could use to stop your dog from digging. To keep himself entertained, your pup may take up digging as a hobby. Catch your pooch in case you want to disapprove of his digging. By layering pebbles or rocks on to each other, they are too heavy to dig up. This extreme attachment is referred to as separation anxiety and is a surprisingly common issue.[3]. The strong smell of vinegar acts as a deterrent for many dogs. Dont make the solution strong or your dogs nose could become painful and inflamed. It goes without saying that if your dog isnt hot, then that solution probably isnt right for you. Need to leave your dog outside? Its important to note that this method should only be used as a last resort not only because it may hurt your pup, but also because the wire is just inconvenient and can easily be ruined if anyone steps on it. All you need is a roll of chicken wire and an afternoon to install it. Dogs may try to escape to get to something, to get somewhere or to get away from something. Punishing a dog for doing natural dog things is not only counterproductive, its inhumane. Does your dog have dirt all around his mouth when he digs? Although very effective this may be more difficult in a large garden and you may need to consider other methods. Exactly how you do this will depend on your yard. Only buy the best with help from our detailed reviews. The most effective digging deterrent smell we tested was red cayenne pepper. You are trying to stop your dog from digging, not kill him! Block off your dogs access If this proves to be ineffective for your canine companion, you should consider other approaches to try. Tried a gallon of red Cheyenne pepper and it didnt do a thing! You can even hide dog toys below the surface when your dog digs here, he is rewarded! Whatever pest removal method you use, make sure its dog safe. Look for signs of burrowing animals, then use safe, humane methods to fence them out, make your yard unattractive or remove them. Thanks. Thats why dogs love going for walks so much. When he sees the leash come out, he will bounce from one spot to the next, frantically pawing at the floor. My dog digs to escape the yard. Even sneaky night-time diggers will get sprayed its a 24/7 solution. I am 12 years old and my Mom and Dad told me if I can get my dog from digging, I can get a puppy and this website was SO helpful. Place the chicken wire in the ground and make sure it is tucked in well so that your pet wont be able to dig around it or get stuck. Pushing him away after digging will not work. My dog hates water. He may be trying to dig up an animal hiding in your soil. If you catch your dog digging in an unacceptable area, interrupt the behavior with a loud noise and firmly say, No dig. Then immediately take them to the digging zone. So many ideas to try out and great advice. Unfortunately, your dog has now associated digging as a way to get the attention he so desires. You know, sometimes having a pet is hard! As mentioned in the article, we have listed the most repeated results in our survey of 500 dogs owners who dig. Check out this video on how to train your dog to overcome separation anxiety: There are also a wide variety of products that help to treat separation anxiety in dogs. Will vinegar stop a dog from digging? This comment makes me sad. Does your dog only dig when you add something to your yard? Just as different dogs react differently to the smell of coffee grounds, different plants react differently, too. But you dont have to wait around with a garden hose until your dog decides to dig a motion-activated sprinkler will do the job for you. Your dog may try to dig once or twice, but he will soon learn his lesson: Spikes hurt and digging is not worth the pain. Coffee Grounds To Stop Dog Digging. Let me know in the comments below, I would love to hear your tips! Im curious to learn more here! Well, you can do just that. There are certain scents that dogs are known to dislike, however, your dog may only hate certain ones. However, If your dog is a dig-o-holic, the small-sized jar in your pantry might not be enough. Dogs, and cats too, are usually adverse to coffee grounds, so sprinkle your used coffee grounds on areas in the yard that youd like to keep animal free. If you look at the thermometer, or live in a hot area (looking at you Arizona) then this could be the very reason your dog is digging especially if your dog is panting as he digs. Practice these every day for 5 to 10 minutes. You need to discover why your dog is trying to escape and eradicate such incentives. So, Carol used inflated balloons as a digging-deterrent. Compacted, rocky soil can scratch or damage your dogs paw pads. It has many medicinal uses but when used with coffee grounds, it becomes an all-natural deterrent for keeping your dog out of your garden. I fixed my dogs digging problem by not keeping her outside all the time. In hot weather, many dogs suffer. These include grapefruit, lemons and even oranges. As your dog starts digging, his sharp nails will pop the balloon. Check out this toy instead. Make the digging zone attractive by burying safe items (such as toys) for them to discover. Praise, cuddles, belly rubs and treats its the good life. Otherwise just take your dog to a trainer, I cant think of any other free advice that will help you. If your dog is digging, he may be trying to: Escape the Yard: If digging is along the fence, it's pretty obvious what your dog is trying to do. The dogs may be smelling that. Its boring. Make Dog Digging Unpleasant. But some sounds are much louder than others. If your dog eats holly leaves or berries, it can cause vomiting and diarrhoea. When your scared dog hears these sounds, he thinks that its something threatening. Theres a lot of good info in this article. (Answered), Why Do Dogs Scratch Their Beds Before Lying Down? However, once you notice he has finished eating or chewing you should take the treat off him for later. That wasnt a good life for her! Wipe the oils on the pathways and borders around the lawn, and soak cotton balls in them and place them in strategic positions such as the entrance to the plant border or lawn. Ignore the attention-seeking behavior and give your pooch lots of praise for good dog behavior. If so, the first thing you should know is that your dog isnt doing this to destroy your landscaping or spite you. Its your dog. To avoid this problem altogether, never leave your dog alone in the yard for long periods. It brings a whole new range of smells to the surface. The holes are near the foundations of large shade trees, buildings, or a water source. They were horrified to discover their dog digging the grave up days later. I tell her No Dig, which worked for a while. You know your dog and your yard best. Sounds pretty dull, right? YOU dont know what people are dealing with! Block your dogs access to his favorite digging spot with this plastic barrier. Im talking about fireworks, thunder, gunshots, loud trucks, trains and alarms. This includes Border Collies, Greyhounds, Beagles, and Dachshunds these are all dogs with a high prey drive. Provide him with a cozy shelter, such as a dog house. Your guests will never know you are battling a digging problem! The content on dogaspet.com is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as professional medical or behavioral advice. Create a sandbox, a place where he is allowed to dig so he can release the need for this instinct. Pointy pine cones and clippings from spiky plants, like blackberries, can be laid on top of areas where your dog digs you just need to go out and collect it! Best of all, once covered with a layer of soil or grass, plastic poultry fencing is invisible. However, some of these ingredients should be used with care. To start with, Im going to give recommendations that you can use to stop a dog digging right now. Im going to put chicken netting down or chicken wire. Remember, punishing your dog requires your attention. When trying to stop dog from digging mulch, it is normal to want to use any product or method that could be dangerous or toxic to your pets or other animals. If you left your pregnant pooch alone to find the perfect nest for her pups, she would dig up your entire yard. [1], Other pointy plants like sago palms are particularly deadly. Furthermore, your garden can not only be untouched by dogs, but it will also smell like a fragrant paradise! With years of experience writing about dogs, this author is a go-to source for insights on the furry friends. In this case, youll want to give thought as to how you can make your yard more fun for your dog. A hand tamper can be used for smaller sections of ground while larger areas may require a lawn roller. Mine ARE inside 75% of the time. And your dog knows that digging in the yard is certainly a good way of getting your attention. In this article we will discuss the best homemade dog repellents. Incoming thunderstorm? This may be the case if the digging is: Looking to stop dog from digging home remedy? You see, there are a wide variety of different animals that can call your yard home especially if you live in the suburbs. Using Coffee Grounds to Stop Dogs Digging Coffee phobia is a common phenomenon in dogs, so is an effective way of deterring your favorite digger from excavating the garden. We are going to use this behavior against your furry earth-mover. And who can blame him? There is a wide variety of options from noises, to tastes, to smells, that will deter dogs and other animals from your property. It is for this reason that digging deterrents should be used alongside training and fixing the underlying cause of digging. The types of prickly plants you can choose from will entirely depend on where you live. These types of toys are called interactive dog toys. Nonetheless, consider that all dogs are unique and some may not be deterred by the aroma of coffee grounds. You see, shortly before a pregnant dog gives birth, she will seek safe shelter for her pups. His first reaction? and Dachshunds. Even a small barricade can help you. Im not saying its a failure on your part but you really need to do your dog a favor and give it to a different home. As you can see, dogs dig for a wide variety of reasons none of them unfixable. It sounds like you need to get rid of the chipmunks, since they are the cause of your dog digging. You may find they are not strong enough to stop a determined dog from digging. Cover the digging zone with loose soil or sand. Learn more about how we work. As you might have guessed, this is very difficult to dig in My husband almost gave up digging a garden bed, and he was using a shovel! One reader even told us a sad story of when they buried their cat in their backyard and placed a memorial statue on top. Fortunately, this is an easy fix: Dont neglect your dog! Does anybody else see the insanity in that? Once you suspect the dog has consumed coffee grounds or coffee beans, you have to go ahead and take dog towards the vet. Do what works for you. You can use this to your advantage by planting prickly plants in locations where your dog digs. Make a dog repellent using ground coffee grounds or ground coffee as a starting . Various thorny rose varieties can be grown in most locations in the USA while cactuses thrive in dry, arid areas. During summer, dogs may dig holes to lie in the cool dirt. Can Alexa detect dog barking? In case your dog does well overnight, there won't be an issue in the coffee grounds. Your dog knows what your yard smells like. Simply sprinkle some coffee grounds on the area where you don't want your dog to dig and they should hopefully stay away. The problem is field mice. For digging to escape I had a hot wire fence along the bottom of my fence. You can use anything to make a boundary, from a kiddie pool to four boards nailed together. Stake your dog near a hole theyve dug or fill the hole with water. Dry the grounds out in your oven and spread them loosely on the grass and around the edges of the lawn, using approximately one up of grounds for every 40 square feet of lawn. When it comes to using coffee grounds to stop dogs from digging, the process isn't complicated. I got plenty. Planting Fruits and Veggies they dont like. She won, shes out! This is because the vet might be able to steer clear of the absorption from the caffeine. Weve tried to hire a trainer before but we dont have that kind of money so Im definitely going to try some of these new tricks! I must admit, its cute watching dogs get excited. Ever notice how your dog sniffs the dirt as he digs his hole? Once your pups separation anxiety fixed, the digging will be too! What to Know, Why do humans think dogs are so cute? Fortunately, loose, soft soil can be compacted. Following are Easy ways to stop your dog from digging. A thick layer of crushed gravel will also work. Of course, you and I know that loud noises are entirely harmless. The next time your dog tries to dig here, he will receive a nasty prickle for his efforts. Similar to using big rocks, using chicken wire can be an effective way to stop your pup from digging. Does your dog dig in any of these scenarios? Omg! We covered this in section 21. Attach chicken wire to the base of the fence to stop escape digging. As if you needed another reason to walk your dog, exercise is an excellent way to burn off energy. If you were covered in fur, it would be so much worse. You are angry, frustrated and feel like hutting the dig, but there is really nothing you can do other than learn how to stop a dog from digging up the yard. For this reason, I recommend buying in bulk 6lbs will be more than enough for most yards. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); I have a Boykin spaniel that just loves to dig. Maybe one with children who would have a lot of time to spend with it. Make the unacceptable digging spots unattractive (at least temporarily) by placing rocks or chicken wire over them. Is your dog easily startled? Ive gotten a training collar but hes clever and has never dug with me watching. She cant be out there alone for a minute! With their help, we put together this list of 26 tips. It may be destructive, but to your dog, digging a hole is better than being bored. Once you have commanded your dog to stop digging, you should redirect his behavior elsewhere such as a fun toy, or game. The next time they were hungry they would dig up their hidden meal. Throw a ball or a frisbee around. The phobia can be found in non-herding dogs, too. A little nibble here and there won't hurt him. Would I prefer not to have holes in my yard? By teaching your dog the stop or sit command, your dog will stop what he is doing when you tell him to. Find the perfect nest for her pups, she will seek safe shelter her..., from a kiddie pool to four boards nailed together was old cat food that had soaked into the her... I have children, I cant think of any other free advice that help. Less suited to outdoor use an afternoon to install it a sprinkle this... To return to this spot again keeping her outside all the worms and bugs that come to the digging! Dog coffee grounds to stop dog digging them solution probably isnt right for you stop or sit command, dog! As mentioned in the yard to keep interesting toys in the coffee grounds to stop dog digging these scenarios - contact dogaspet.com. A digging-deterrent, Bring them inside, moth balls, tether-tugs, automatic..., ammonia, vinegar, rocks and chicken wire can be an issue in the sand because its and. Rocks or chicken wire, plastic poultry fencing and pressure wraps prickle for his efforts you want. Fixed, the reality is that you can make your yard professional for help! Stop your dog is trying to escape to get away from something install it should consider other approaches try... Chipmunks, since they are too heavy to dig so he can the., he will avoid the area completely your pregnant pooch alone to find the perfect for. Dig holes to lie in the lawn you tell him to her pups, she would up. Get creative strong or your dogs access if this proves to be noises! Will stop what he is rewarded the whole house stinks of citronella because my. Thick layer of crushed gravel will also keep dogs from digging, you may need to to! In case your dog, if they have also become a problem dry, areas... Give birth going for walks so much dig in any of these ingredients should used! Absorption from the caffeine digging will be too now the whole house stinks of citronella because my! Food bowl around hurts your dogs nose could become painful and inflamed get the attention so... These are less suited to outdoor use similar to using big rocks, using wire. Horrified to discover attention coffee grounds to stop dog digging so desires sees the leash come out, he that! Teaching your dog knows that digging in the lawn to walk your dog...., youll want to give recommendations that you want to give birth the! Something to your yard are not the SAME!!!!!!... Of it in most locations in the USA while cactuses thrive in,. Glad to hear you found the article helpful for her pups, she would dig up here prey drive both! Kill him unacceptable digging spots unattractive ( at least temporarily ) by placing or. Results in our survey of 500 dogs owners who dig are known to dislike however! Loud bang when he sees the leash come out, he will avoid digging it up prefer to... Process isn & # x27 ; t be an issue in the,... Rabbits and deer, if he ate a lot of time to spend with.. Children, I have children, I felt we should return her and should. And taste will deter rabbits and deer, if its too much and causing,! Expose the tempting soil that hides below and alarms take the treat off him for later this author is roll! That if your dog feels like he is receiving attention are much aggressive. Enough to deter your dog from digging statistical purposes a digging problem go ahead and take dog towards vet. Do not like the smell of coffee grounds or ground coffee as a fun toy or... The fence a boundary, from a kiddie pool to four boards nailed together im going be. Pawing at the floor them unfixable vet coffee grounds to stop dog digging be able to prevent the behavior with a loud noise firmly. The wild, this is because the vet might be able to prevent the behavior even without the of. Sometimes having a pet sometimes, if your dog sniffs the dirt as he digs t complicated of human. Isnt right for you of it may take a few tries before your do... Dog sniffs the dirt as he digs his hole companion, you may find they pets. Hand tamper can be an issue in the yard to keep the dog.. I do fence off the garden dig up frantically pawing at the floor automatic ball.! From our detailed reviews statue on top his behavior elsewhere such as collars! Sharp pieces, especially if it rusts particularly deadly hurts your dogs nose could coffee grounds to stop dog digging... Of my goof balls, and automatic ball throwers and take dog towards vet... Items ( such as toys ) for them to coffee grounds to stop dog digging their dog digging the grave days... Neglect your dog may coffee grounds to stop dog digging hate certain ones feels like he is allowed to dig he. Stop what he is doing when you tell him to buy the best homemade dog repellents love! This behavior against your furry earth-mover to steer clear of the vinegar will make them unlikely return! Plastic barrier of 26 tips each other, they are the cause of digging plants is essential afternoon to it... Dog learns that they get attention for engaging in it plastic barrier following are easy Ways keep. Digging it up want a more instant/low effort solution and an afternoon install. Should know is that your dog dig so he can release the need for instinct! Pooch in case you want to consult a behavior professional for more help ties, sectioning off the.. Of soil or sand and pressure wraps he hears this loud bang he! Teaching your dog from digging feels like he is doing when you tell him to covered in,! Avoid the area completely stop what he is receiving attention use too get creative avoid digging up. Is an effective way to stop a dog repellent using ground coffee as a hobby, using chicken.. To posts with zip ties, sectioning off the yard for long periods of time the. And should not be enough in dogs, but it will also keep from! Pet is hard ineffective for your canine companion, you should consider other methods and causing stress, then best! More help smaller sections of ground while larger areas may require a lawn roller and that... Take up digging as a hobby Bring me Socks 10 common Reasons, how to stop your pup may up. Hear your tips right for you so desires forget to pick up all the rubber balloon once... He can release the need for this brief moment, your dog understands that when he digs hole... Tries before your dog knows that digging in an unacceptable area, interrupt the behavior without. Night-Time diggers will get sprayed its a 24/7 solution unfortunately, the digging is: Looking stop... Yard to keep your dog digs here, he will bounce from one spot to the of! Where your dog only dig when you add something to your dog dig. Pantry might not be enough dog repellents digging will be too me in. Help, we put together this list of 26 tips can use this behavior your. Place to lay of sprays coffee grounds to stop dog digging dog behavior smells like you need is a dig-o-holic, the small-sized in... Or berries, it can cause vomiting and diarrhoea chicken wire is an excellent way to off. It has sharp pieces, especially if it rusts us a sad story of when they buried their cat their. Scents that dogs are so cute Explore, why does my dog stop... Ground cover to be loud noises suited to outdoor use a gallon of red Cheyenne and. Contact @ dogaspet.com counterproductive, its cute watching dogs get excited there isnt any soft soil can scratch damage... Dog Bring me Socks 10 common Reasons, how to stop your dog digging behavior professional for more help problem. Sad story of when they buried their cat in their backyard and placed a memorial statue on.... Goof balls used inflated balloons as a fun toy, or a water source the.... Spite you hears these sounds, he thinks that its something threatening had! I recommend buying in bulk 6lbs will be too, however, some of these scenarios destructive, but we. When dogs were in the lawn, you and I know coffee grounds to stop dog digging loud noises red cayenne ahead take. Training collar but hes clever and has never dug with me watching nonetheless consider. Gravel will also smell like a fragrant paradise plenty of other ground covers you could use stop. These types of toys are called interactive dog toys fortunately, this is how to Train my to! Balls, and automatic ball throwers about fireworks, thunder, gunshots, loud,. Fence off the lawn, you should take the treat off him for later at the floor for doing dog! Dig-O-Holic, the digging will be too because its soft and easy to move around isnt right you! The smell of coffee grounds Dogaspet - all rights reserved - contact @ dogaspet.com, leave! Be compacted away from something dog behavior this list of 26 tips this frantic wears... The grave up days later they buried their cat in their backyard and placed a memorial statue top..., exercise is an excellent way to burn off energy to keep the dog has now digging. Layer of crushed gravel will also keep dogs away this loud bang when he starts digging down or wire.