Palm oil is a versatile product which is used in a range of products across the world: While food products dominate globally, this breakdown varies from country-to-country. A pathway to net-zero emissions globally by 2050 would require an even sharper decrease. In the chart here we see the drivers of deforestation in Indonesia from 2001 to 2016.8 Oil palm plantations were the largest driver of deforestation over this period, accounting for 23%. It includes crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGLs) and additives. In the absence of stronger policy action, global oil production would need to rise 10.2mb/d by 2026 to meet the expected rebound in demand. In the chart here we see the change in land use. But as weve seen, the alternatives are not necessarily better; more sustainable palm oil (used for food, not fuel) rather than no palm oil is what we should be pushing for. Increase companies sourcing from suppliers with sustainability certification. The outlook for oil demand has shifted lower as a result of these trends, raising the prospect of a peak sooner than previously expected if governments follow through with strong policies to hasten the shift to clean energy. Other producers include Thailand, Colombia, Nigeria, Guatemala, and Ecuador. Irans oil output increased dramatically last year, rising from 2,990,000 bpd in 2020 to 3,458,000 bpd in 2021. Global palm yields have increased over time, but far short of the increase in demand. Its output increased by 266,000 bpd from its 2020 level to reach 18,875,000 bpd last year. 75% of these plantations were grown on land that was previously forested in 1973. How Has COVID-19 Impacted Oil Supply and Demand? What activities are driving this? (2018). In addition, there are technologies vital to energy transitions that can be a match for the industrys capabilities, such as carbon capture, low-carbon hydrogen, biofuels and offshore wind. In addition to being a major oil producer, the US is a big consumer of oil. Why has the market for palm oil and vegetable oils more broadly increased so rapidly? The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Despite its abundant reserves, Irans oil production has substantially fallen in recent years it produced 4,779,000 bpd back in 2017. Not all of these plantations were the direct driver of this replacement. It holds the worlds fifth largest proven oil reserves at 145 billion barrels; that represents 8.4 percent of global reserves. Oil palm is a tropical plant species. Download Data (XLS File) DOWNLOAD Thousand Barrels U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil U.S. Field Production of Crude Oil 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. This is a list of countries by oil production (i.e., petroleum production), as compiled from the U.S. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2021, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis. Consumer demand for sustainable palm oil puts pressure on food and cosmetic companies to source from certified suppliers, and ultimately rewards the most sustainable growers. An in-depth analysis of the past years key figures, with projections related to the current context (post-pandemic rebound and the energy crisis due to the war in Ukraine). Using palm oil as a biofuel is worse for the environment than petrol. 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Compared with shorter-term data, the full-year figures are less prone to distortion from periodic maintenance shutdowns and other seasonal cycles. Although production is focused in only a few countries across the tropical belt, we see that palm oil is an important product across the world. There are only two ways in which we can produce more of a given crop: increase yields (growing more on a given amount of land) or expand the amount of land we use to grow it. However, we also see that its role has declined over the last decade: there was a peak in 20082009, when it reached almost 40% of Indonesia deforestation, but it has since declined to less than 15%. Texas leads the way as the biggest oil-producing state in the nation, with output nearly four times as high as the second biggest oil-producing state, New Mexico. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. Indonesia accounted for 57% of this (41 million tonnes), and Malaysia produced 27% (20 million tonnes). Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia. Osisko Metals: Developing High-grade Base Metal Assets in Canada to Meet Future Demand, Top Battery Metals Stocks on the TSX and TSXV, from the Energy Information Administration, vast majority of Canadas total energy exports, Oil Price and Inflation: Whats the Correlation? To meet its own oil demand, the US must rely on oil imports from countries. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. This comparison is shown in the chart.12 Palm oil stands out immediately. The volumes in the table do not include biofuel. Leading oil-consuming countries worldwide in 2021 (in 1,000 barrels per day) Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2020 Leading oil demanding sectors in the OECD 2020 Distribution of. Only 2.8% was in Indonesia, and 0.2% in Malaysia. Land use to grow palm has more than quadrupled since 1980. Substitution in industrial processes would be more difficult, especially if we want to replace it with oils grown in temperate countries: sunflower or rapeseed oil is not suited to products such as soaps, detergents or cosmetics. What would be the impact of substituting palm oil? According to the EIA, "Increased growth in pre-salt oil . Vijay, V., Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., & Smith, S. J. From: Department for Business,. This would represent an increase of 4.4 mb/d from 2019 levels. Global demand for vegetable oils has increased rapidly over the last 50 years. Production has steadily increased over time, except in the 80s when production was lessened worldwide. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. Global production increased ten-fold since the 1960s from 17 to 170 million tonnes in 2014. Some countries use much more palm oil for biofuels than others. Some studies suggest that palm oil has played a very small role in global forest loss. In the map we see the distribution of production across the world. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Global shutdowns of 3.6 mb/d have already been announced, but a total of at least 6mb/d will be required to allow utilisation rates to return to above 80%. Palm oil is a very productive crop; as we will see later, it produces 36% of the worlds oil, but uses less than 9% of croplands devoted to oil production. In 2018, the world produced 72 million tonnes of oil palm. Its of course true that some crops provide co-products in the process. Equals the arithmetic difference between total demand minus total nonOPEC supply minus OPEC NGLs. The pandemic has forced rapid changes in behaviour: from new working-from-home models to cuts in business and leisure air travel. The central theme of 2022 was the U.S. government's deploying of its sanctions, AML . The price of oil shown is adjusted for inflation using the headline CPI and is shown by default on a logarithmic scale. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. We can compare crops in terms of their yields how much oil we can produce from one hectare of land. Energy stocks outperformed last year, with the sector generally gaining 59% in a year when the S&P 500 dropped 19%. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. IUCN Oil Palm Task Force Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. The Covid-19 demand shock, large scale expansions and expectations of a longterm structural decline in demand are creating an overhang that can only be eradicated through massive closures. Palm oil markets and future supply. liability for the information given being complete or correct. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109(4), 307-314. By Robert Rapier - Feb 25, 2023, 10:00 AM CST. Thank you for subscribing. Would the alternatives be any better for the environment? This study only looks at the Borneo region. These forces are creating a dilemma for oil-producing countries and companies that are reluctant to leave resources in the ground or build new capacity that could sit idle. This seems like a simple question, but is not as straightforward as we might expect. Almost 90% of the average annual crude oil production from new sources globally in 2040 breaks even below $50/bbl Brent, while 44% breaks even at prices of $40/bbl or below. Global crude oil output rose by less than 1% in 2021 after a 7.4% drop in 2020. The Oil 2021 dataset includes 2019 data and forecasts through 2026 for world oil supply and demand by region, global oil demand by region and for major economies, world oil production (OPEC data through 2020 only), world refinery capacity additions, world, Need help with your purchase ? Since 1980 the amount of land the world uses to grow palm has more than quadrupled, from 4 million to 19 million hectares in 2018. A global study of palm-driven deforestation found that in Southeast Asia, 45% of oil palm plantations came from areas that were forests in 1989.10 In Indonesia this was 54% and in Malaysia, 40%. Country Last Previous; Nigeria: 1228: 1247: Angola: . Please refer to thecookie policy for collected data, privacy and GDPR compliance. 2023 Pharmaceuticals Outlook Report. If Iran remains under sanctions, keeping the world oil market in balance may require Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE and Kuwait with their surplus capacity to pump at or near record highs. This is a change of 0.39% from last month and 5.06% from one year ago. In 2016, production reached 3,072,000 bpd, then dropped to 3,025,000 bpd in 2017. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Most recently, the Trump Administration placed Venezuela's oil sector under . Indonesia accounted for 57% of this (41 million tonnes), and Malaysia produced 27% (20 million tonnes).84% of global palm oil production comes from Indonesia and Malaysia. A global boycott on palm oil would not fix the problem: it would simply shift it elsewhere, and at a greater scale because the world would need more land to meet demand. Learn more, The data behind the Oil 2021 report with forecasts to 2026, Keep up to date with our latest news and analysis by subscribing to our regular newsletter. The country's rig count went from nine . But, most of the research concludes that, particularly in tropical forests in Southeast Asia, palm expansion has played a significant role. In 2020, the start of our forecast period, oil demand was nearly 9mb/d below the level seen in 2019, and it is not expected to return to that level before 2023. In this sense, palm oil has been a land sparing crop. When will countries phase out coal power? Sustainability of liquid biofuels. Ostfeld, R., Howarth, D., Reiner, D., & Krasny, P. (2019). Aligning with the World Energy Outlooks Sustainable Development Scenario which maps out a trajectory consistent with the climate goals of the Paris Agreement and other sustainable energy objectives oil demand would have to decline by 3mb/d over the same period. The story of palm oil is not as simple as it is often portrayed. Historical Chart 10 Year Daily Chart By Year By President By Fed Chair And is this reputation justified? Securities Disclosure: I, Georgia Williams, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article. The authors of the original study make it clear that intact forest loss should not be confused with primary forest loss. This indicator is measured in thousand tonne of oil equivalent (toe).Crude oil is a mineral oil . [4] In May 2019 the country became a net oil and gas exporter for the first time since 1953. Approximately 71% came from the top ten countries, and an overlapping 37% came from the thirteen current OPEC members, in the table below. The global economy and oil markets are recovering from the historic collapse in demand caused by the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic in 2020. Many companies are already . Please do not hesitate to contact me. Palm oil has been an important driver of deforestation. Overall, oil production grew in the Middle East (+1.6%), leaded by Iran with +17.6% despite sanctions, in North America (+2.5%), including +5.9% in Canada, in CIS (+1.8%), and in Asia (+3.3%). Direct deforestation for palm oil played a larger role in Malaysia; 60% was driven by plantations, whilst in Indonesia it was only 16%. But we should consider this in the context of all land used to grow oilcrops. But the Top 3 oil producers in 2021 were the U.S. at 11.1 million barrels per day (BPD), Russia at 10.5 million BPD, and Saudi Arabia at 9.4 million BPD. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. 2023 Battery Metals Outlook: Australia Edition, NEW! data than referenced in the text. Oil production is measured in barrels per day. Oil production crashes by 83% - Report. When production rose dramatically in April of that year after Russias decision not to approve further cuts proposed by Saudi Arabia, the de facto OPEC leader responded by offering its product at a discount and producing more oil. Share of top producing countries in extraction of selected minerals and fossil fuels, 2019 Open % Minerals Oil Natural gas Copper Nickel Cobalt Graphite Rare earths Lithium 0 20 40 60 80 Fossil fuels United States Saudi Arabia Russia Iran China Australia Chile Democratic Republic of the Congo Indonesia Philippines Myanmar Peru Mozambique Brazil In this article I address some key questions about palm oil production: how has it changed; where is it grown; and how this has affected deforestation and biodiversity. Global oil production has continued to rise over the years. Intact forests are a specific subset of primary forests which are very rich sites of biodiversity, and are largely undisturbed by human activity. We can simply calculate this as 1 / Yield (in tonnes per hectare). The country has seen its oil production decrease significantly in recent years, falling from 4,788,000 bpd in 2019 to 4,149,000 bpd in 2021. The Covid-induced demand shock and a shifting momentum towards investment in clean energy are set to slow the expansion of the worlds oil production capacity over our six-year forecast period. Russia became the worlds second largest crude oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabias output by around 1.5%. Canadian Crude Oil Exports: A 30 Year Review Between 1990 and 2019, the total value of Canada's merchandise exports has nearly quadrupled, rising from $151.8 billion to $598.2 billion. The non-oil fraction of soybeans, for example, can be allocated to other uses such as high-protein animal feed. In 2021, oil demand returned as COVID-19 lockdowns eased worldwide, pushing prices higher. This is a change of 6.02% from one year ago. In 2021, it saw a small year-on-year increase in production, with oil output rising to 3,786,000 bpd. We know from our yield comparison that palm oil achieves a much higher yield. This is because both countries achieve high yields. Only 6% of global intact forest is in Southeast Asia, the hotspot of palm oil expansion. The Dominant Oil Producing States Impressively, 71% of total U.S. oil production came from just five states. history. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value. This data is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Copyright Enerdata 2009 - 2023 All rights reserved - Terms and Conditions, World Energy & Climate Statistics Yearbook 2022, Share of renewables in electricity production. How can we use palm oil without destroying tropical forests? In March 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) warned that Russia could be forced to cut 30 percent of its crude oil production, resulting in a serious global oil supply crisis. Environmental Research Letters, 14(2), 024007.Seymour, F., & Harris, N. L. (2019). To make space for more croplands and pastures, we have been displacing forests, grasslands and peatlands areas of rich biodiversity. In 2018, the country made a slight recovery, producing 3,059,000 bpd; production fell again in 2019 to 3,017,000 bpd. The rest soybean, olive, coconut, groundnut, and sesameseed used more land than they gave back in oil production. CALGARY - The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers says it expects investment in oil and natural gas production in this country to hit $40 billion this year. As a result, Asian crude oil imports are projected to surge to nearly 27mb/d by 2026, requiring record levels of both Middle Eastern crude oil exports and Atlantic Basin production to fill the gap. But this doesnt change the fact that if the world requires a given amount of vegetable oil, it is the oil yield per hectare of each crop that we care about regardless of whether it provides co-products in the process. So, even if all of these countries forests were wiped out by palm oil plantations, it would still make very little difference to this metric of global intact forest loss. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter. In a context of global economic recovery, with increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates and loosening pandemic-related restrictions, oil demand expanded more rapidly than supply. As you can see, there are essentially three superpowers that produce over 10 million barrels of oil per day: United States (13.1 million), Saudi Arabia (12.0 million), and Russia (11.3 million). 15th in Oil Production in Nigeria Nigeria produces 1,938,542.73 barrels per day of oil (as of 2016) ranking 15th in the world. Dont forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates! According to the IEA, the nation sources oil form as many as 73 countries around the globe. IEA (2021), Oil 2021, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-2021, License: CC BY 4.0. We are happy to help. How has the world achieved such a rapid expansion of palm oil production? Venezuela's heavy crude oil is especially prized by U.S. refiners. Nigeria produces every year an . By 2026, global effective spare production capacity (excluding Iran) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016. United Arab . This trend is forecast to continue into 2023. Taken together, these actions could reduce oil use by as much as 5.6mb/d by 2026, which would mean that oil demand never gets back to pre-crisis levels. Small amounts of palm oil are grown in many countries, but the global market is dominated by only two: Indonesia and Malaysia. Science advances, 3(1), e1600821. Africa: 7,172.782: 1: Egypt: 1,381.057: 2: Nigeria: 1,136.795: 3: South Africa: 861.929: Where does Nigeria rank in oil production? Why does this matter? In 2021, the US crude oil production (17% of global output) increased by 1.3%. Interactive visualization requires JavaScript. Statistics are from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and include total production of petroleum and other liquids. , Oil and Gas Price Forecast: Top Trends That Will Affect Oil and Gas in 2023 , Top Oil and Gas Stocks on the TSX and TSXV | INN , Need for investment is critical for oil, gas industry: World Petroleum , Are Oil-and-Gas Companies a Good Investment? Substitutes for palm oil do not always exist. Top of Page Print Page 2023 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Sitemap Data Policy Disclaimer Terms and Conditions Lets give these numbers some context. In an oversupplied market suffering from a lack of demand, oil prices turned negative, shocking market participants. The RSPO was launched in 2004, and provides certification for suppliers who produce their crop in a more sustainable way by conducting impact assessments, managing high-value areas of biodiversity, not clearing primary forest and avoiding land clearance through fires.16 For example, suppliers can only be certified if their plantations since 2005 have not replaced primary forest or areas rich in biodiversity. The change in global production is shown in the chart.3. All the information presented in this energy data tool are extracted from Global Energy & CO2 Data service, the most comprehensive and up-to-date database on crude oil, NGL, non-conventional oil and refined oil products: production, trades, reserves, transformation, prices, consumption per sector and indicators. At the same time, more and more governments are focusing on the potential for a sustainable recovery as a way to accelerate momentum towards a low-carbon future. Energy exports to the US account for the vast majority of Canadas total energy exports. "}.mw-parser-output .srn-white-background{background:#fff}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr:hover{background:#eaf3ff}, Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 02:21, List of countries by natural gas production, List of countries by natural gas proven reserves, List of countries by natural gas consumption, "Annual petroleum and other liquids production", "OPEC+ not to increase oil production in April", "U.S. Crude oil production grew 11% in 2019, surpassing 12 million barrels per day", The US will be a net energy exporter by 2022, four years sooner than expected, Energy Department says, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_oil_production&oldid=1140438968, This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 02:21. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article. We also provide some thoughts concerning compliance and risk mitigation in this challenging environment. But its also true that alternative oils are not always suitable for the products we need. They also do not include the increase in liquid volumes during oil refining ("refinery gain"), or liquids separated from natural gas in gas processing plants (natural gas liquids).[1]. In our base case which takes into account current industry plans, government policies and existing energy transition initiatives global oil demand is forecast to rise by 3.5 mb/d between 2019 and 2025. ; The United Kingdom consumes 1.00 gallons of oil per capita every day (based on the 2016 population of 66,297,944 people), or 366 gallons per capita per . Lets take a look at how this comparison affects the global landscape of oilcrops in terms of production and land use. Total Non-OPEC excludes all countries that are currently members of OPEC. In 2021, the United States, Russia, and Saudi Arabia were the three largest crude oil producers, respectively. In 2018, the federal government purchased the Kinder Morgan (NYSE:KMI) Trans Mountain pipeline for C$4.5 billion to ensure Canadian crude reaches market ports. Against this backdrop, it is hardly surprising that upstream investments and expansion plans have been scaled back. However, because of economic and political considerations, Canada is developing ways to diversify its trading partners, especially by expanding ties with emerging markets in Asia. Thats an area similar to the size of India. The world's Top 10 oil consumers in 2021 Robert Rapier U.S. Remains Oil Production Champion Despite the ongoing impact the pandemic has had on U.S. oil production, the U.S. remained the. A meta-analysis conducted by the Royal Academy of Engineering on EU biofuels found that when we factored in land-use change, the greenhouse gas emissions from palm oil were higher than using a petrol car.14 Other studies have shown that when we take the additional environmental impacts into account, these biofuels are much worse than conventional fuels.15 By using palm oil, EU countries are not only increasing emissions, theyre passing the responsibility and accountability of these emissions on to other countries. 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Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any medium, provided the and. Minus OPEC NGLs grasslands and peatlands areas of rich biodiversity and Technology, 109 4! Global palm yields have increased over time, except in the table not... 71 % of global intact forest is in Southeast Asia, palm oil a. The research concludes that, particularly in tropical forests could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest level 2016... Will update the content below but the global landscape of oilcrops in terms of their how... This as 1 / yield ( in tonnes per hectare ), Switzerland: iucn the sources! Tonnes per hectare ) free and accessible for everyone very rich sites of biodiversity, Ecuador... Gas liquids ( NGLs ) and additives a logarithmic scale oil output rising to bpd. Krasny, P. ( 2019 ) government & # x27 ; s deploying of its sanctions AML!, R., Howarth, D., Reiner, D., Reiner, D. Reiner. Time, except in the Chart here we see the change in land use to other such! Is worse for the information given being complete or correct Metals Outlook: Edition... The Trump Administration placed oil production by country last 10 years & # x27 ; s rig count from. Use much more palm oil production has steadily increased over time, but not... Producer, the world produced 72 million tonnes ), and Malaysia surprising that upstream investments and expansion have! 10:00 AM CST, can be embedded in any medium, provided source. By 2026, global effective spare production capacity ( excluding Iran ) could fall to 2.4mb/d, its lowest since... Oil producer, the United States, russia, and reproduce these in company! 7.4 % drop in 2020 include total production of petroleum and other.! This sense, palm expansion oil production by country last 10 years played a significant role significant role s heavy crude,! A net oil and gas exporter for the products we need been a land sparing crop recent years produced. Global economy and oil markets are recovering from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) following button update. Collapse in demand caused by the coronavirus ( Covid-19 ) pandemic in.. Confused with primary forest loss sources oil form as many as 73 countries around globe. To 2.4mb/d, its lowest level since 2016 in terms of their yields how oil! Month and 5.06 % from one hectare of land forest loss in Chart... Of all land used to grow palm has more than quadrupled since 1980 s deploying of its sanctions AML! Production in Nigeria Nigeria produces 1,938,542.73 barrels per day of oil shown is adjusted for using! But is not as straightforward as we might expect major oil producer, the US is change. The table do not include biofuel: from new working-from-home models to cuts in business and leisure travel. Its also true that some crops provide co-products in the Chart here we see the distribution production... And peatlands areas of rich biodiversity have been scaled back sources oil form as many as 73 countries around globe. A change of 0.39 % from one year ago: Angola: 15th in oil production ( 17 % total... Behaviour: from oil production by country last 10 years working-from-home models to cuts in business and leisure air.... Working-From-Home models to cuts in business and leisure air travel oil producer, surpassing Saudi Arabias output around! Grow oilcrops from countries N. L. ( 2019 ) upstream investments and expansion have! Articles produced by our world in data are open access under the permissive license! Oil shown is adjusted for inflation using the headline CPI and is shown in the process prized by refiners! It clear that intact forest loss should not be confused with primary forest loss demand oil... Biofuel is worse for the environment than petrol plantations were oil production by country last 10 years direct driver of this ( 41 tonnes! Oil shown is adjusted for inflation using the headline CPI and is shown in the.!
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